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The metals of antiquity are the seven metals which humans had identified and found use for in prehistoric times in Africa, Europe and throughout Asia: [1] gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and mercury. Zinc, arsenic, and antimony were also known during antiquity, but they were not recognised as distinct metals until later.
A metal (from Ancient Greek ... The history of refined metals is thought to begin with the use of copper about 11,000 years ago. Gold, silver, iron (as meteoric iron ...
The history of materials science is the study of how different materials were used and developed through the history of Earth and how those materials affected the culture of the peoples of the Earth. The term " Silicon Age " is sometimes used to refer to the modern period of history during the late 20th to early 21st centuries.
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Sican tumi, or ceremonial knife, Peru, 850–1500 CE. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America is the extraction, purification and alloying of metals and metal crafting by Indigenous peoples of the Americas prior to European contact in the late 15th century.
The Copper, Bronze, and Iron Ages are also known collectively as the Metal Ages. [3] [4] In history, archaeology and physical anthropology, the three-age system is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century according to which artefacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be broadly ordered into a recognizable ...
1939 – Dislocations in metals confirmed by Robert W. Cahn; 1947 – First germanium point-contact transistor invented; 1947 – First commercial application of a piezoelectric ceramic: barium titanate used as a phonograph pickup; 1951 – Individual atoms seen for the first time using the field ion microscope
Roman silver ingot, Britain, 1st–4th centuries AD Lead ingots from Roman Britain. Metals and metal working had been known to the people of modern Italy since the Bronze Age.By 53 BC, Rome had expanded to control an immense expanse of the Mediterranean.