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An overline, overscore, or overbar, is a typographical feature of a horizontal line drawn immediately above the text. In old mathematical notation, an overline was called a vinculum, a notation for grouping symbols which is expressed in modern notation by parentheses, though it persists for symbols under a radical sign.
X bar, x̄ (or X̄) or X-bar may refer to: X-bar theory, a component of linguistic theory; Arithmetic mean, a commonly used type of average; An X-bar, a rollover protection structure; Roman numeral 10,000 in vinculum form
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
X̂ is the Latin letter X with a circumflex. The letter is used in the modern orthography of the Aleut language [1] and in the current Alaska Native Language Center alphabet of the Haida language. [2] In both cases, it represents the sound . In mathematics, x̂ often refers to the unit vector in the +X direction.
In 1637 Descartes was the first to unite the German radical sign √ with the vinculum to create the radical symbol in common use today. [8] The symbol used to indicate a vinculum need not be a line segment (overline or underline); sometimes braces can be used (pointing either up or down). [9]
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
See History of algebra: The symbol x. 1637 [2] René Descartes (La Géométrie) √ ̅ . radical symbol (for square root) 1637 (with the vinculum above the radicand ...