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Torricelli's experiment was invented in Pisa in 1643 by the Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647). The purpose of his experiment is to prove that the source of vacuum comes from atmospheric pressure .
It is unclear how strong a vacuum Guericke's pump was able to achieve, but if it was able to evacuate all of the air from the inside, the hemispheres would have been held together with a force of around 20 kilonewtons (4,500 lbf; 2.2 short tons-force), [7] [8] equivalent to lifting a car or small elephant; a dramatic demonstration of the ...
Franck-Hertz experiment with Neon resulting in glowing regions appearing. In instructional laboratories, the Franck–Hertz experiment is often done using neon gas, which shows the onset of inelastic collisions with a visible orange glow in the vacuum tube, and which also is non-toxic, should the tube be broken. With mercury tubes, the model ...
Vacuum pump and bell jar for vacuum experiments, used in science education during the early 20th century, on display in the Schulhistorische Sammlung ('School Historical Museum'), Bremerhaven, Germany. A vacuum (pl.: vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective vacuus (neuter vacuum) meaning "vacant ...
Gasparo Berti's experiment in atmospheric pressure. Galileo's ideas, presented in his Discorsi (Two New Sciences), reached Rome in December 1638. [6] Upon reading Galileo's theory, physicists Gasparo Berti and father Raffaello Magiotti decided to seek a better way to test the possibility of producing a vacuum. Magiotti devised such an experiment.
In Chapter 27 he alludes to what transpired at Regensburg in 1654. The first experiment he explicitly records as having been demonstrated was the crushing of a non-spherical vessel as the air was withdrawn from it. He did not use a vacuum pump directly on the vessel, but allowed the air in it to expand into a previously evacuated receiver.
PVLAS investigated vacuum polarization induced by external magnetic fields. [5] An observation of the rotation of light polarization by the vacuum in a magnetic field was published in 2006. [ 6 ] Data taken with an upgraded setup excluded the previous magnetic rotation in 2008 [ 7 ] and set limits on photon-photon scattering . [ 8 ]
In 1997 a direct experiment by Steven K. Lamoreaux quantitatively measured the Casimir force to be within 5% of the value predicted by the theory. [ 7 ] The Casimir effect can be understood by the idea that the presence of macroscopic material interfaces, such as electrical conductors and dielectrics , alter the vacuum expectation value of the ...