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For example, red–green color blindness can be caused by ethambutol, a drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. [48] Blue–yellow color blindness can be caused by sildenafil, an active component of Viagra. [49] Hydroxychloroquine can also lead to hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, which includes various color defects. [50]
Colors of confusion include blue/purple and green/yellow. [2] Deuteranopia is a severe form of red-green color blindness, in which the M-cone is absent. It is sex-linked and affects about 1% of males. Color vision is very similar to protanopia. [2] Tritanopia is a severe form of blue-yellow color blindness, in which the S-cone is absent. It is ...
The second most common PIP color vision standard is the HRR color test (developed by Hardy, Rand, and Rittler), which solves many of the criticisms of the Ishihara test. For example, it detects blue-yellow color blindness, is less susceptible to memorization and uses shapes, so it is accessible to the illiterate and young children. [2]
Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an inherited eye disease that causes severe color blindness, poor visual acuity, nystagmus, hemeralopia, and photophobia due to the absence of functional red (L) and green (M) cone photoreceptor cells in the retina. BCM is a recessive X-linked disease and almost exclusively affects XY karyotypes.
Rather, it is a dichromatic mixture of 480 nm (cyan-blue) light and its Complementary color 580 nm (yellow). The yellow acts to desaturate the cyan-blue without changing its hue. The colors are therefore called the primary mixture color and the desaturant mixture color. [2] This is used to characterize blue-yellow deficiencies.
Accordingly, a missing cone means one of the opponent channels is inactive: red-green for protanopes/deuteranopes and blue-yellow for tritanopes. They therefore perceive a much reduced color space. Although dichromacy poses few critical problems in daily life, a lack of access to many occupations (where color vision may be safety-critical) is a ...
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Today, most mammals possess dichromatic vision, corresponding to protanopia red–green color blindness. They can thus see violet, blue, green and yellow light, but cannot see ultraviolet or deep red light. [5] [6] This was probably a feature of the first mammalian ancestors, which were likely small, nocturnal, and burrowing.
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