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  2. Scale (zoology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(zoology)

    In zoology, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans ( butterflies and moths ), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing , and provide coloration.

  3. Spatial scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_scale

    Spatial scale is a specific application of the term scale for describing or categorizing (e.g. into orders of magnitude) the size of a space (hence spatial), or the extent of it at which a phenomenon or process occurs. [1] [2] For instance, in physics an object or phenomenon can be called microscopic if too small to be visible.

  4. Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)

    Planck length; typical scale of hypothetical loop quantum gravity or size of a hypothetical string and of branes; according to string theory, lengths smaller than this do not make any physical sense. [1] Quantum foam is thought to exist at this scale. 10 −24: 1 yoctometer 142 ym Effective cross section radius of 1 MeV neutrinos [2] 10 −21

  5. Characteristic length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_length

    In physics, a characteristic length is an important dimension that defines the scale of a physical system. Often, such a length is used as an input to a formula in order to predict some characteristics of the system, and it is usually required by the construction of a dimensionless quantity, in the general framework of dimensional analysis and in particular applications such as fluid mechanics.

  6. Allometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allometry

    Oxygen consumption in species that differ in body size and organ system dimensions show a similarity in their charted V O2 distributions indicating that, despite the complexity of their systems, there is a power law dependence of similarity; therefore, universal patterns are observed in diverse animal taxonomy.

  7. Polar coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system

    In the modern terminology of differential geometry, polar coordinates provide coordinate charts for the differentiable manifold R 2 \ {(0,0)}, the plane minus the origin. In these coordinates, the Euclidean metric tensor is given by d s 2 = d r 2 + r 2 d θ 2 . {\displaystyle ds^{2}=dr^{2}+r^{2}d\theta ^{2}.}

  8. Voronoi diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram

    Let H = {h 1, h 2, ..., h k} be the convex hull of P; then the farthest-point Voronoi diagram is a subdivision of the plane into k cells, one for each point in H, with the property that a point q lies in the cell corresponding to a site h i if and only if d(q, h i) > d(q, p j) for each p j ∈ S with h i ≠ p j, where d(p, q) is the Euclidean ...

  9. Macroscopic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroscopic_scale

    This is the energy scale manifesting at the macroscopic level, such as in chemical reactions. Even photons with far higher energy, gamma rays of the kind produced in radioactive decay, have photon energy that is almost always between 10 5 eV and 10 7 eV – still two orders of magnitude lower than the mass–energy of a single proton.