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For comparison, phenolic foam insulation has a k-value of around 0.018 W/(m⋅K), [23] while wood varies anywhere from 0.15 to 0.75 W/(m⋅K), and steel has a k-value of approximately 50.0 W/(m⋅K). These figures vary from product to product, so the UK and EU have established a 90/90 standard which means that 90% of the product will conform to ...
The construction industry makes use of measures such as the R-value (resistance) and the U-value (transmittance or conductance). Although related to the thermal conductivity of a material used in an insulation product or assembly, R- and U-values are measured per unit area, and depend on the specified thickness of the product or assembly. [note 2]
This means that VIPs have about one-fifth the thermal conductivity of conventional insulation, and therefore about five times the thermal resistance per unit thickness. Based on a typical k-value of 0.007 W/(m·K), the R-value of a typical 25-millimetre-thick (1 in) VIP would be 3.5 m 2 ·K/W (20 h·ft 2 ·°F/BTU). To provide the same R-value ...
Although the concept of U-value (or U-factor) is universal, U-values can be expressed in different units. In most countries, U-value is expressed in SI units, as watts per square metre-kelvin: W/(m 2 ⋅K) In the United States, U-value is expressed as British thermal units (Btu) per hour-square feet-degrees Fahrenheit: Btu/(h⋅ft 2 ⋅°F)
The basic unit of insulation coefficient is the R SI, (1 m 2 ⋅K/W). 1 tog = 0.1 R SI. There is also a US clothing unit, the clo , equivalent to 0.155 R SI or 1.55 tog, described in ASTM D-1518. [ 7 ]
The effectiveness of bulk insulation is commonly evaluated by its R-value, of which there are two – metric (SI) (with unit K⋅W −1 ⋅m 2) and US customary (with unit °F⋅ft 2 ⋅h/BTU), the former being 0.176 times the latter numerically, or the reciprocal quantity the thermal conductivity or U-value W⋅K −1 ⋅m −2.
For pipe insulation, the R-value varies not only with the insulation thickness and thermal conductivity ("k-value") but also with the pipe outer diameter and the average material temperature. For this reason, it is more common to use the thermal conductivity value when comparing the effectiveness of pipe insulation, and R-values of pipe ...
The insulation effectiveness can be expressed as an R-value or RSI value. The higher the value, the greater is its resistance to heat transfer. A standard IGU consisting of clear uncoated panes of glass (or lights) with air in the cavity between the lights typically has an RSI-value of 0.35 K·m 2 /W.
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