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Virtus (Classical Latin: [ˈwɪrtuːs̠]) was a specific virtue in ancient Rome that carried connotations of valor, masculinity, excellence, courage, character, and worth, all perceived as masculine strengths. It was thus a frequently stated virtue of Roman emperors, and was personified as the deity Virtus.
An augur with sacred chicken; he holds a lituus, the curved wand often used as a symbol of augury on Roman coins. Augury was a Greco-Roman religion practice of observing the behavior of birds, to receive omens. When the individual, known as the augur, read these signs, it was referred to as "taking the auspices".
The goddess is holding her symbols, the balance and the cornucopia. Aequitas (genitive aequitatis) is the Latin concept of justice, equality, conformity, symmetry, or fairness. [1] It is the origin of the English word "equity". [2] [3] In ancient Rome, it could refer to either the legal concept of equity, [4] or fairness between individuals. [5]
Contrary to other divinatory practices present in Rome (e.g. haruspicina, consultation of the libri Sibyllini) Roman augury appears to be autochthonous and pre-historical, originally Latin or Italic, and attested in the Iguvine Tables (avif aseria) and among other Latin tribes.
[74] In Roman art, the covered head is a symbol of pietas and the individual's status as a pontifex, augur or other priest. [ 75 ] It has been argued that the Roman expression of piety capite velato influenced Paul 's prohibition against Christian men praying with covered heads: "Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors ...
Pietas erga parentes (" pietas toward one's parents") was one of the most important aspects of demonstrating virtue. Pius as a cognomen originated as way to mark a person as especially "pious" in this sense: announcing one's personal pietas through official nomenclature seems to have been an innovation of the late Republic, when Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius claimed it for his efforts to ...
Yet, she was the Roman counterpart of Eleos, [citation needed] (not to be confused with Soteria), the Greek goddess of mercy and forgiveness who had a shrine in Athens. In traditional imagery, she is depicted holding a branch (possibly an olive tree branch ) and a scepter and may be leaning on a column.
Gallo-Roman examples of the fascinum in bronze. The topmost is an example of the "fist and phallus" amulet with a manus fica. Phallus inscribed on a paving stone at Pompeii. In ancient Roman religion and magic, the fascinus or fascinum was the embodiment of the divine phallus.