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Basil is sensitive to cold, with best growth in hot, dry conditions. It behaves as an annual if there is any chance of a frost. However, due to its popularity, basil is cultivated in many countries around the world. Production areas include countries in the Mediterranean area, those in the temperate zone, and others in subtropical climates.
The Greek basil and various other basils have such different scents because the herb has a number of different essential oils in different proportions for various cultivars. [4] The essential oil from European basil contains high concentrations of linalool and methyl chavicol (estragole), in a ratio of about 3:1.
Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly known as holy basil, tulasi or tulsi (from Sanskrit), is an aromatic perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae. [2] [3] It is widely cultivated throughout the Southeast Asian tropics. [1] [4] [5] It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. [1]
Thai basil [a] is a type of basil native to Southeast Asia that has been cultivated to provide distinctive traits. Widely used throughout Southeast Asia , its flavor, described as anise - and licorice -like and slightly spicy, is more stable under high or extended cooking temperatures than that of sweet basil .
Ocimum gratissimum, also known as clove basil, African basil, [1] and in Hawaii as wild basil, [2] is a species of basil. It is native to Africa , Madagascar , southern Asia , and the Bismarck Archipelago , and naturalized in Polynesia , Hawaii, Mexico , Panama , West Indies , Brazil , and Bolivia .
Greek basil (Greek spicy globe Basil) O. minimum (alt. O. basilicum var. minimum) Forms a nearly perfectly round globe, with thin, tiny leaves and a delicious scent. Despite its name, the variety probably originated in Chile. [29] [30] Dwarf bush basil: O. minimum: Unusually small bush variety, similar to Greek bush basil. [14] African blue basil
Ocimum americanum, known as American basil, lime basil, [2] or hoary basil, [3] is a species of annual herb in the family Lamiaceae. Despite the misleading name, it is native to Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia. The species is naturalized in Queensland, Christmas Island, and parts of tropical America.
Lemon basil, hoary basil, [2] Thai lemon basil, [3] or Lao basil, [4] (Ocimum × africanum) is a hybrid between basil (Ocimum basilicum) and American basil (Ocimum americanum). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The herb is grown primarily in northeastern Africa and southern Asia for its fragrant lemon scent, and is used in cooking.