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In typography, the body height or point size refers to the height of the space in which a glyph is defined. The metal sort: b is the body or shank, c is the body height or font size. Originally, in metal typesetting, the body height or the font (or point) size was defined by the height of the lead cuboid on which the actual font face is moulded.
Diagram of font metrics showing where letters and symbols would be placed relative to each other. The letters would change size according to the font type, typographic unit and dimension used. Metric typographic units have been devised and proposed several times to overcome the various traditional point systems.
The point was first established by the Milanese typographer, Francesco Torniella da Novara (c. 1490 – 1589) in his 1517 alphabet, L'Alfabeto.The construction of the alphabet is the first based on logical measurement called "Punto," which corresponds to the ninth part of the height of the letters or the thickness of the principal stroke.
The traditional typographic units are based either on non-metric units, or on odd multiples (such as 35 ⁄ 83) of a metric unit.There are no specifically metric units for this particular purpose, although there is a DIN standard sometimes used in German publishing, which measures type sizes in multiples of 0.25 mm, and proponents of the metrication of typography generally recommend the use of ...
Typically, this is the height of the letter x in the font (the source of the term), as well as the letters v, w, and z. (Curved letters such as a , c , e , m , n , o , r , s , and u tend to exceed the x-height slightly, due to overshoot ; i has a dot that tends to go above x-height.)
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As books are most often printed with proportional fonts, cpp of a given font is usually a fractional number. For example, an 11-point font (like Helvetica ) may have 2.4 cpp, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] thus a 5-inch (30-pica) line of a usual octavo-sized (6×8 in) book page would contain around 72 characters (including spaces).