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Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced / ˈ k oʊ. æ k s /), is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by a concentric conducting shield, with the two separated by a dielectric (insulating material); many coaxial cables also have a protective outer sheath or jacket.
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By holding the conductors a known distance apart, the geometry is fixed and the line characteristics are reliably consistent. It is lower loss than coaxial cable because the characteristic impedance of twin-lead is generally higher than coaxial cable, leading to lower resistive losses due to the reduced current.
English: Diagram of a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) network, the type of technology used in modern cable television networks. The cable signal originates at a regional headend , where many television channels are transmitted on an optical fiber cable, which is carried on utility poles or underground.
Current in the inner conductor is flowing into the page. Current in the outer conductor is flowing out of the page. No electric field exists inside the conductors, so the Poynting vector in the gray areas is zero. The magnetic fields of inner and outer conductors cancel outside of the cable, so the Poynting vector outside the cable is also zero.
The standard today is 75 ohm coaxial cable, which is less susceptible to interference which plugs into an F connector or Belling-Lee connector (depending on region) on the back of the TV. [6] To convert the signal from antennas that use a twin-lead line to the modern coaxial cable input, a small transformer called a balun is used in the line.