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The Immigration Act of 1891 established a Commissioner of Immigration in the Treasury Department. [55] The Canadian Agreement of 1894 extended U.S. immigration restrictions to Canadian ports. The Dillingham Commission was set up by Congress in 1907 to investigate the effects of immigration on the country. The Commission's 40-volume analysis of ...
The Steerage Act of 1819, also called the Manifest of Immigrants Act, was an Act passed by the United States federal government on March 2, 1819, effective January 1, 1820. Its full name is An Act regulating passenger ships and vessels .
The discovery of petroleum in Titusville, Pennsylvania, on August 27, 1859 by Edwin L. Drake was the beginning of the end of commercial whaling in the United States as kerosene, distilled from crude oil, replaced whale oil in lamps. Later, electricity gradually replaced oil lamps, and by the 1920s, the demand for whale oil had disappeared entirely.
In the course of the late 1800s and early 1900s, many policies regarding immigration and naturalization were shifted in stages to a national level. Court rulings giving primacy to federal authority over immigration policy, and the Immigration Act of 1891.
Major ports in the Northeast began to specialize in merchant shipping. The main cargoes included tobacco, as well as rice, indigo and naval stores from the Southern colonies. From the other colonies exports included horses, wheat, fish and lumber. By the 1760s New England was the center of a flourishing shipbuilding industry.
The Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine (French: Traité de Mortefontaine), was signed on September 30, 1800, by the United States and France.The difference in name was due to congressional sensitivity at entering into treaties, due to disputes over the 1778 treaties of Alliance and Commerce between France and the U.S.
From 1808 to 1860, almost one-third of all slave ships either were owned by American merchants or were built and outfitted in American ports. [22] It is possible that U.S. citizens "may have transported twice as many Africans to other countries such as Cuba and Brazil as they did to their own ports". [22]
Most of the immigrants arriving were young people of working age. 76% of the immigrants who entered the United States between 1868 and 1910 were concentrated in the age group between 15 and 40 years old, while this same group made up only 42% of the total population of the United States.