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Phosphoric acid units can be bonded together in rings (cyclic structures). The simplest such compound is trimetaphosphoric acid or cyclo-triphosphoric acid having the formula H 3 P 3 O 9. Its structure is shown in the illustration. Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less H 2 O (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid.
Polyphosphates arise by polymerization of phosphoric acid derivatives. The process begins with two phosphate units coming together in a condensation reaction. 2 H(PO 4) 2− ⇌ (P 2 O 7) 4− + H 2 O. The condensation is shown as an equilibrium because the reverse reaction, hydrolysis, is also possible.
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial ...
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. Its chemical formula is H(NH 4 PO 3) n OH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize.
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Its mechanism of action involves the formation of polyphosphoric acid (the hydrogen atoms are from the resin) and char, which prevents flame propagation. [8] However, for electronic/electrical systems, red phosphorus flame retardant has been effectively banned by major OEMs due to its tendency to induce premature failures. [9]
Chemical formula. H 6 O 13 P 4: ... Triphosphono phosphate is the simplest branched polyphosphoric acid.