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The prehistory of Oceania is divided into the prehistory of each of its major areas: Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, and these vary greatly as to when they were first inhabited by humans — from 70,000 years ago (Near Oceania) to 3,000 years ago (Remote Oceania).
The eastern Pacific archipelago of the Galápagos Islands is believed to have never been inhabited by Indigenous people of the Americas or Oceania. [180] [181] The islands were discovered by chance in 1535 when Spanish navigators were sailing from Panama to Peru, [180] remaining unclaimed.
[21] [22] [better source needed] The culture of the people who lived on these islands was often distinct from that of Asia and pre-Columbian America. [23] Before Europeans arrived in the area, the sea shielded Australia and south central Pacific islands from cultural influences that spread through large continental landmasses and adjacent islands.
Mijares and Piper (2010) found bones in a cave near Peñablanca, Cagayan, originally thought to be modern human. However, these were subsequently dated ca. 134 kya, belonging to a different species, Homo luzonensis. [24] Africa, North Africa: Egypt: 50–80: Taramasa Hill: Skeleton of 8- to 10-year-old child discovered in 1994 [25] Australia
Percentage of indigenous peoples of Oceania in Oceania by country Dani people from the Baliem Valley in Highland Papua, Indonesia. In New Zealand, according to the 2018 census, 16% of the population identified as being of Māori descent. Many of those same people also identified as being descended from other ethnic groups, such as European. [22]
The Mariana Islands were the first islands settled by humans in Remote Oceania. Incidentally it is also the first and the longest of the ocean-crossing voyages of the Austronesian peoples into Remote Oceania, and is separate from the later Polynesian settlement of the rest of Remote Oceania. They were first settled around 1500 to 1400 BC by ...
Near Oceania is the part of Oceania that features greater biodiversity, due to the islands and atolls being closer to each other. The distinction of Near Oceania and Remote Oceania was first suggested by Pawley & Green (1973) [ 1 ] and was further elaborated on in Green (1991). [ 2 ]
The vast central Pacific was visited only by the Manila galleons and an occasional explorer. The south Pacific was first crossed by Spanish expeditions in the 16th century who discovered many islands including Tuvalu, the Marquesas, the Cook Islands, the Solomon Islands, and the Admiralty Islands, and later the Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos ...