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The mineral group tantalite [(Fe, Mn)Ta 2 O 6] is the primary source of the chemical element tantalum, a corrosion (heat and acid) resistant metal. It is chemically similar to columbite , and the two are often grouped together as a semi-singular mineral called coltan or "columbite-tantalite" in many mineral guides.
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For example, porous tantalum coatings are used in the construction of titanium implants due to tantalum's exceptional ability to form a direct bond to hard tissue. [73] Because tantalum is a non-ferrous, non-magnetic metal, tantalum implants are considered to be acceptable for patients undergoing MRI procedures.
Tantalum ores often contain significant amounts of niobium, which is itself a valuable metal.As such, both metals are extracted so that they may be sold. The overall process is one of hydrometallurgy and begins with a leaching step; in which the ore is treated with hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid to produce water-soluble hydrogen fluorides, such as the heptafluorotantalate.
A typical human contains 21 parts per billion of niobium. Niobium is in the minerals columbite and pyrochlore. [19] There are 2 parts per million of tantalum in the Earth's crust, making it the 51st most abundant element there. Soil contains on average 1 to 2 parts per billion of tantalum, and seawater contains 2 parts per trillion of tantalum.
The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite (after niobium's original American name columbium), and the tantalum-dominant mineral is tantalite. [ 1 ] Tantalum from coltan is used to manufacture tantalum capacitors which are used for mobile phones, personal computers, automotive electronics, and cameras. [ 2 ]
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Interactions with the environment can significantly influence their high-temperature creep strength. Application of these metals requires a protective atmosphere or coating. The refractory metal alloys of molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and tungsten have been applied to space nuclear power systems.