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In BCC metals, interstitial sites of an unstrained lattice are equally favorable. The interstitial solutes create elastic dipoles. [14] However, once a strain is applied on the lattice, such as that formed by a dislocation, 1/3 of the sites become more favorable than the other 2/3.
The same is true in a unit cell; no matter how the atoms are arranged, there will be interstitial sites present between the atoms. These sites or holes can be filled with other atoms (interstitial defect). The picture with packed circles is only a 2D representation. In a crystal lattice, the atoms (spheres) would be packed in a 3D arrangement ...
A nearby pair of a vacancy and an interstitial is often called a Frenkel defect or Frenkel pair. This is caused when an ion moves into an interstitial site and creates a vacancy. Due to fundamental limitations of material purification methods, materials are never 100% pure, which by definition induces defects in crystal structure.
Interstitial atoms (blue) occupy some of the spaces within a lattice of larger atoms (red) In materials science, an interstitial defect is a type of point crystallographic defect where an atom of the same or of a different type, occupies an interstitial site in the crystal structure.
[4] [5] The bcc and fcc, with their higher densities, are both quite common in nature. Examples of bcc include iron, chromium, tungsten, and niobium. Examples of fcc include aluminium, copper, gold and silver. Another important cubic crystal structure is the diamond cubic structure, which can appear in carbon, silicon, germanium, and tin.
Three-dimensional schematic of the interstitium, a fluid-filled space supported by a network of collagen. In anatomy, the interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell membrane or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system.
An atom diffuses in the interstitial mechanism by passing from one interstitial site to one of its nearest neighboring interstitial sites. The movement of atoms can be described as jumps, and the interstitial diffusion coefficient depends on the jump frequency. The jump frequency, , is given by:
Many kink sites are visible along the terrace edge. The rows visible are dimer rows in a 2x1 reconstruction. Figure 3: Ball model representation of a real (atomically rough) crystal surface with steps, kinks, adatoms, and vacancies in a closely packed crystalline material. Adsorbed molecules, substitutional and interstitial atoms are also ...