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The magnetic field (marked B, indicated by red field lines) around wire carrying an electric current (marked I) Compass and wire apparatus showing Ørsted's experiment (video [1]) In electromagnetism , Ørsted's law , also spelled Oersted's law , is the physical law stating that an electric current induces a magnetic field .
These effects have been supposed to exist since the time of Michael Faraday. There have also been observations on the existence of Hall effect in electrolytes. Until these observations, magnetoelectrochemistry was an esoteric curiosity, though this field has had a rapid development in the past years and is now an active area of research.
The Induced current is the current generated in a wire due to change in magnetic flux. An example of the induced current is the current produced in the generator which involves rapidly rotating a coil of wire in a magnetic field. It is a qualitative law that specifies the direction of induced current, but states nothing about its magnitude.
The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current.
Magnetic current is, nominally, a current composed of moving magnetic monopoles. It has the unit volt. The usual symbol for magnetic current is , which is analogous to for electric current. Magnetic currents produce an electric field analogously to the production of a magnetic field by electric currents.
In electromagnetism, an eddy current (also called Foucault's current) is a loop of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction or by the relative motion of a conductor in a magnetic field. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes ...
Magnetic field (green) induced by a current-carrying wire winding (red) in a magnetic circuit consisting of an iron core C forming a closed loop with two air gaps G in it. In an analogy to an electric circuit, the winding acts analogously to an electric battery, providing the magnetizing field , the core pieces act like wires, and the gaps G act like resistors.
The net electric current I is the surface integral of the electric current density J passing through Σ: =, where dS denotes the differential vector element of surface area S, normal to surface Σ. (Vector area is sometimes denoted by A rather than S , but this conflicts with the notation for magnetic vector potential ).