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Since 10 meters can frequently open up to propagate globally, most 10-meter repeaters use a CTCSS sub-audible access tone. 16 kHz-wide signals with 5 kHz deviation is normal in this band. 8 kHz-wide signals with 2.5 kHz deviation can also be found. 2.5kHz deviation is mandated by FCC rules below 29.0 MHz.
Several countries in ITU Region 1 have access to frequencies in the 70 MHz region, called the 4-meter band. The band shares many propagation characteristics with 6 meters. The preferred location for beacons is 70.000–70.090 MHz; [5] however, in countries where this segment is not allocated to Amateur Radio, beacons may operate elsewhere in ...
The nominal "17 m" band actually covers 16.6–16.5 m. The nominal "15 m" band actually ranges from 14.28–13.98 m. By common sense, the "15 m" band ought to be called "14 m", but that name has been in longtime use for a shortwave broadcast band. 80 metres or 80 / 75 meters – 3 500–4 000 kHz – 85.65–74.95 m actual
A reduction of the number of telegraphy examination element levels from three to one. Both the Amateur Extra Class' 20 words-per-minute (WPM); and General and Advanced classes' 13 WPM Morse code tests, were removed in favor of a standardized 5 WPM as the sole Morse code requirement for both the General and Extra Class licenses.
FM is recognized for its superior audio quality, whereas SSB is more efficient for long-range communication under limited bandwidth conditions. [ 16 ] Radiotelegraphy using Morse code , also known as "CW" from " continuous wave ", is the wireless extension of landline (wired) telegraphy developed by Samuel Morse and dates to the earliest days ...
The first signal report format code may have been QJS. [citation needed] The U.S. Navy used R and K signals starting in 1929. [citation needed] The QSK code was one of the twelve Q Codes listed in the 1912 International Radiotelegraph Convention Regulations, but may have been in use earlier. [citation needed]
At the beginning of each practice session the QST year and month of publication as well as the page numbers are given followed by the article being transmitted at 5, 7-1/2, 10, 13 and 15 words per minute for "slow code" and 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 13 and 10 for "fast code". Because these training sessions are scheduled for specific published days ...
Its purpose is to be concise, accurate, and robust in the face of interference and other adverse transmission conditions. The Maidenhead Locator System can describe locations anywhere in the world. Maidenhead locators are also commonly referred to as QTH locators , grid locators or grid squares , although the "squares" are distorted on any non ...