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Elevated alkaline phosphatase in patients with cancer normally spans [clarification needed] throughout the bones or liver. Metastases that exist in the lung, breast, prostate, colon, thyroid, and further organs can also enter the liver or bone. [ 12 ]
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal , placental (this enzyme), placental-like , and liver/bone/kidney (tissue-nonspecific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2, whereas the tissue-nonspecific form is located on chromosome 1.
The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found in the periplasmic ...
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme in the cells lining the biliary ducts of the liver. It can also be found on the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine, proximal convoluted tubule of the kidneys, bone, liver, and placenta. It plays an important role in lipid transposition in small intestines and calcification of bones. 50% of all the ...
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific).The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, localized to testis, thymus and certain germ cell tumors, that is closely related to both the placental and intestinal forms of alkaline phosphatase.
ICP is characterized by severe pruritus and elevated serum levels of bile acids as well as transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. [62] These signs and symptoms resolve on their own shortly after delivery, though they may reappear in subsequent pregnancies for 45–70% of women. [63]
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is an endogenous protein that plays an essential function in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. The protein is responsible for detoxifying bacterial toxins, dephosphorylating phosphorylated nucleotides, regulating lipid absorption in the intestine, and regulating the microbiome in the intestine. [ 7 ]
Alkaline phosphatase allows for mineralization of calcium and phosphorus by bones and teeth. [21] ALPL gene mutation leads to insufficient TNAP enzyme and allows for an accumulation of chemicals such as inorganic pyrophosphate [21] to indirectly cause elevated calcium levels in the body and lack of bone calcification.