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Anal fistula is a chronic abnormal communication between the anal canal and the perianal skin. [1] An anal fistula can be described as a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus. [2] Anal fistulae commonly occur in people with a history of anal abscesses. They can form when ...
Anorectal disorders include conditions involving the anorectal junction [1] as seen in the image. They are painful but common conditions like hemorrhoids, tears, fistulas, or abscesses that affect the anal region. [2] [3] Most people experience some form of anorectal disorder during their lifetime. [4]
This pelvic floor muscle is normally supposed to relax, thereby straightening the anorectal angle and allowing rectal contents to be evacuated. Dyssynergic defecation causes high pressure in the rectum and in the anal canal, [1] which causes lengthening [1] and compression of the rectal tissues, which in turn leads to ischema of the mucosa. [8]
The causes of pelvic floor dysfunction aren’t well understood. Experts know that weakened muscles and connective tissue in the pelvis can contribute to it, as can injuries to the pelvis.
Two more highly common causes of functional anorectal pain are levator ani syndrome (LAS) and proctalgia fugax.Both of these conditions are thought to be caused by muscle spasms of the either the levator ani muscle or the anal sphincter muscle respectively, and may overlap symptomatically with a third less-common condition called coccygodynia which is the result of previous trauma to the ...
Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. [1] Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus , Crohn's disease , chronic corticosteroid treatment and ...
They usually occur to the sides of the sphincters, and between the internal and external sphincters, either on the surface, or deeper. They may get bigger, enlarging in the direction of the rectum, and resulting in an abnormal connection called an anorectal fistula. They are usually managed with surgical drainage [9] and antibiotics. [10] [11]
Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear course.
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