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This Shetland ewe is naturally polled A Red Poll bullock. Polled livestock are livestock without horns in species which are normally horned. The term refers to both breeds and strains that are naturally polled through selective breeding and also to naturally horned animals that have been disbudded. [1]
56626 Ensembl ENSG00000166169 ENSMUSG00000025218 UniProt Q9UGP5 Q9QUG2 Q9QXE2 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001174084 NM_001174085 NM_001308382 NM_013274 NM_020032 NM_001330506 NM_001330507 RefSeq (protein) NP_001167555 NP_001167556 NP_001295311 NP_037406 NP_001334531 NP_001334532 NP_001334533 NP_001334535 NP_036178 NP_001317435 NP_001317436 NP_064416 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 101.58 – 101.59 Mb Chr 19: 45 ...
Inheritance of a polled gene can be examined in Zygosity, that explores the alleles of genes specifically Homozygous, that in cattle (and probably others) would be homozygous (PP) polled (dominant) and Heterozygous that would be heterozygous (Pp) horned.
The words homozygous, heterozygous, and hemizygous are used to describe the genotype of a diploid organism at a single locus on the DNA. Homozygous describes a genotype consisting of two identical alleles at a given locus, heterozygous describes a genotype consisting of two different alleles at a locus, hemizygous describes a genotype consisting of only a single copy of a particular gene in an ...
X-linked recessive inheritance. X-linked recessive inheritance is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be always expressed in males (who are necessarily hemizygous for the gene mutation because they have one X and one Y chromosome) and in females who are homozygous for the gene mutation (see zygosity).
The Red Poll originated as a cross between Norfolk Red beef-type cattle and Suffolk Dun dairy cattle (both of these breeds are now extinct). The parent Suffolk breed was also polled; Norfolk cattle had horns, but the gene for horns was bred out in the Red Poll breed.
If a Holstein is horned it has two copies of the recessive gene which can only be achieved when working with horned parents both carrying the recessive gene. A test cost $80 to check for polledness in a Holstein and can be sent to the Holstein Canada laboratory, [ 9 ] or $25 if sent to the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory in California. [ 10 ]
In 1969, Schwartz at Indiana University was able to artificially induce gene fixation into maize, by subjecting samples to suboptimal conditions. Schwartz located a mutation in a gene called Adh1, which when homozygous causes maize to be unable to produce alcohol dehydrogenase.