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In contrast, dominant monkeys experienced a decrease in cocaine self-administration and a rightward shift in the dose-response curve. Brain glucose metabolism measurements revealed differences between dominant and subordinate monkeys, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of these opposing behavioral effects. Dominant monkeys showed ...
Cocaine is a non-selective, competitive inhibitor of monoamine transporters, sharing a similar mechanism with that of methylphenidate. Cocaine interacts with DAT, SERT, and NET, although the behavioral and reinforcing effects of cocaine depend on its inhibition of DAT and the increase in extracellular dopamine. [1]
CART is released in response to repeated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, and may regulate the activity of neurons in this area. [9] CART production is upregulated by CREB, [10] a protein thought to be involved with the development of drug addiction, and CART may be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of stimulant abuse.
The neurotransmitters affected by cocaine are involved in the development of the fetus's brain, [29] so the drug may affect fetal development directly by altering the development of the brain's monoaminergic system. [31] The most important way cocaine affects fetal development is by binding to dopamine receptors. [11]
Different activities had varying effects on participants’ brain waves. Playing and walking with a dog increased the strength of the alpha-band oscillations, the authors found, which generally ...
The effects of KOR agonism on dopamine systems are well documented, and recent work also implicates the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and pCREB in KOR-dependent behaviors. [ 40 ] [ 81 ] While the predominant drugs of abuse examined have been cocaine (44%), ethanol (35%), and opioids (24%). [ 82 ]
The AKC reports that one study found that 28% of dogs between 11 and 12 years of age have at least one sign of dog dementia, and that increased to 68% in dogs over 15 years of age.
Interacting and playing with a dog helped people relax and concentrate, according to measurements of their brainwaves documented in a new study. Playing with dogs helps people concentrate and ...