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Exosomes have also been shown to carry double-stranded DNA. [25] Exosomes can transfer molecules from one cell to another via membrane vesicle trafficking, thereby influencing the immune system, such as dendritic cells and B cells, and may play a functional role in mediating adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors.
The exosome complex (or PM/Scl complex, often just called the exosome) is a multi-protein intracellular complex capable of degrading various types of RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules. Exosome complexes are found in both eukaryotic cells and archaea , while in bacteria a simpler complex called the degradosome carries out similar functions.
It interacts with the exosome complex in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and is involved in the 3' end processing and degradation of ribosomal RNA and snoRNAs. [1] [2] The TRAMP complex trims the poly(A) tails of RNAs destined for Rrp6 and the core exosome down to 4-5 adenosines assisting in transcript recognition and exosome complex activation.
3'-5' exoribonuclease CSL4 homolog is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EXOSC1 gene. [5] [6] [7]This gene encodes a core component of the exosome complex.The mammalian exosome is required for rapid degradation of AU rich element-containing RNAs but not for poly(A) shortening.
Exosome component 10, also known as EXOSC10, is a human gene, the protein product of which (sometimes called PM/Scl-100) is part of the exosome complex and is an autoantigen is patients with certain auto immune diseases, most notably scleromyositis.
54512 109075 Ensembl ENSG00000178896 ENSMUSG00000034259 UniProt Q9NPD3 Q921I9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_019037 NM_175399 RefSeq (protein) NP_061910 NP_780608 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 144.08 – 144.08 Mb Chr 15: 76.21 – 76.21 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Exosome component 4, also known as EXOSC4, is a human gene, which is part of the exosome complex. Interactions Exosome ...
227715 Ensembl ENSG00000130713 ENSMUSG00000039356 UniProt Q13868 Q8VBV3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001282708 NM_001282709 NM_014285 NM_144886 RefSeq (protein) NP_001269637 NP_001269638 NP_055100 NP_659135 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 130.69 – 130.71 Mb Chr 2: 31.56 – 31.57 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Exosome component 2, also known as EXOSC2, is a protein which in humans is ...
This type of liposome extruder is primarily used in research laboratories, as it can process mini-sample volumes between 0.25 ml and 2.5 ml. The hand-driven liposome extruders are further categorized into liposome extruders with a thermal-jacketed option and liposome extruders under ambient temperature.