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It is typically caused by a basilar skull fracture, which presents complications such as infection. It may be diagnosed using brain scans (prompted based on initial symptoms), and by testing to see if discharge from the nose is cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment may be conservative (as many cases resolve spontaneously), but usually involves ...
A basilar skull fracture as a cause can give the sign of CSF leakage from the ear, nose or mouth. [4] A lumbar puncture can give the symptom of a post-dural-puncture headache . A cerebrospinal fluid leak can be either cranial or spinal, and these are two different disorders. [ 5 ]
A deviated septum is an abnormal condition in which the top of the cartilaginous ridge leans to the left or the right, causing obstruction of the affected nasal passage. It is common for nasal septa to depart from the exact centerline; the septum is only considered deviated if the shift is substantial or causes problems. [ 3 ]
Rhinorrhea (American English), also spelled rhinorrhoea or rhinorrhœa (British English), or informally runny nose is the free discharge of a thin mucus fluid from the nose; [1] it is an extremely common condition. [2] It is a common symptom of allergies or certain viral infections, such as the common cold or COVID-19.
A tear between the dura and the arachnoid membranes, called a CSF fistula, can cause CSF to leak out of the subarachnoid space into the subdural space; this is called a subdural hygroma. [1] CSF can also leak from the nose and the ear. These tears can also allow bacteria into the cavity, potentially causing infections such as meningitis.
Bleeding from the nose, also called epistaxis, may occur when the dried discharge (crusts) are removed. Septal perforation and dermatitis of nasal vestibule can occur. The nose may show a saddle-nose deformity. Atrophic rhinitis is also associated with similar atrophic changes in the pharynx or larynx, producing symptoms pertaining to these ...
A rhinolith (from rhino- 'nose' and -lith 'stone') is a stone present in the nasal cavity. It is an uncommon medical phenomenon, not to be confused with dried nasal mucus. A rhinolith usually forms around the nucleus of a small exogenous foreign body, blood clot or secretion by slow deposition of calcium and magnesium carbonate and phosphate ...
Hypernasal speech is a disorder that causes abnormal resonance in a human's voice due to increased airflow through the nose during speech.It is caused by an open nasal cavity resulting from an incomplete closure of the soft palate and/or velopharyngeal sphincter (velopharyngeal insufficiency). [1]