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How does ionizing radiation affect cells? When ionizing radiation interacts with a cell, several things can happen: The radiation could pass through the cell without damaging the DNA. The radiation could damage the cell’s DNA, but the DNA repairs itself. The radiation could prevent the DNA from replicating correctly.
Ionising radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays and radioactive particles can cause cancer by damaging DNA. However, how this happens, or how many tumours are caused by radiation damage has not been known.
DNA damage occurs by indirect action (mediated through radiolytic products in water) or direct ionization. Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life.
This chapter focuses on the chemistry of DNA damage, how the DNA structure may alter the chemistry and distribution of products, and how this damage may influence the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
A variety of DNA damaging agents can induce DNA damage, which becomes substrate for specific DNA repair pathways. Upper panel shows representative DNA damaging agents: errors from replication, spontaneous base deamination, alkylating agents, toxins, oxidative agents, ionizing radiation, UV radiation, crosslinking agents, aromatic compounds and ...
Ionizing radiation is a form of radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from their atomic or molecular orbital shells in the tissues they penetrate (Borek 1993). These ionizations, received in sufficient quantities over a period of time, can result in tissue damage and disruption of cellular function at the molecular level.
Koturbash I., Jadavji N.M., Kutanzi K., Rodriguez-Juarez R., Kogosov D., Metz G.A.S., Kovalchuk O. Fractionated low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation leads to DNA damage, epigenetic dysregulation, and behavioral impairment.
UV-A radiation has a poor efficiency in inducing DNA damage, because it is not absorbed by native DNA. UV-A and visible light energy (up to 670–700 nm) are able to generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) that can damage DNA via indirect photosensitizing reactions [ 13 ].
There is accumulating evidence on the pivotal role of complex (clustered) DNA damage towards the determination of the final biological or even clinical outcome after exposure to IR. In this review, we provide literature evidence about the significant role of damage clustering and advancements that have been made through the years in its ...
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-known carcinogen, and IR exposure inflicts a wide spectrum of DNA lesions among which the double strand break (DSB) is the most lethal lesion. Mis-rejoining of...