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Bruce's Beach was an African-American beach resort at Manhattan Beach in Los Angeles County, California. The property, which was located at 26th Street and Highland Avenue, was owned and operated by Charles and Willa Bruce for the benefit of the black community when racial segregation prevented them from enjoying opportunities provided at other ...
Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 392 U.S. 409 (1968), is a landmark United States Supreme Court case which held that Congress could regulate the sale of private property to prevent racial discrimination: "[42 U.S.C. § 1982] bars all racial discrimination, private as well as public, in the sale or rental of property, and that the statute, thus construed, is a valid exercise of the power of ...
It was the first hotel chain, in its entirety, to face a United States Justice Department inquiry into racial discrimination for violations of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In the 1990s, Adams Mark settled multimillion-dollar racial discrimination lawsuits involving employees and consumers against individual hotels in Indianapolis and St. Louis ...
A grand history. Known as “The Grand Lady,” the Hollywood Beach Resort Hotel was built in 1925 at the behest of the city’s founder, Joseph Wesley Young, and consisted of 500 rooms and the ...
The Rumford Fair Housing Act was passed by the California Legislature to help end racial discrimination by property owners and landlords who refused to rent or sell their property to "colored" people. [17] It was drafted by William Byron Rumford, the first African American from Northern California to serve in the legislature.
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Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña, 515 U.S. 200 (1995) Race-based discrimination, including discrimination in favor of minorities (affirmative action), must pass strict scrutiny. Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003) The University of Michigan’s “points system” of undergraduate affirmative action violated the Equal Protection Clause.
In addition, the federal courts that were ostensibly created to protect the rights of racial, political and religious minorities instead issued the Dred Scott decision that openly declared African ...