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Metals in medicine are used in organic systems for diagnostic and treatment purposes. [1] Inorganic elements are also essential for organic life as cofactors in enzymes called metalloproteins . When metals are under or over-abundant in the body, equilibrium must be returned to its natural state via interventional and natural methods.
Nitric oxide is considered an anti anginal drug: It causes vasodilation, which can help with ischemic pain, known as angina, by decreasing the cardiac workload. By dilating (expanding) the arteries, nitric oxide drugs lower arterial pressure and left ventricular filling pressure. [ 91 ]
In biology and medicine, nitric oxide is however an important signalling molecule in nature and this fact is the basis of the most important applications of metal nitrosyls. The nitroprusside anion, [Fe(CN) 5 NO] 2− , a mixed nitrosyl cyano complex, has pharmaceutical applications as a slow release agent for NO.
Metal ions and metallic compounds are often used in medical treatments and diagnoses. [18] Compounds containing metal ions can be used as medicine, such as lithium compounds and auranofin. [19] [20] Metal compounds and ions can also produce harmful effects on the body due to the toxicity of several types of metals. [18]
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide [1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen . Nitric oxide is a free radical : it has an unpaired electron , which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula ( • N=O or • NO).
Nitrous oxide, as medical gas supply, is an inhaled gas used as pain medication, and is typically administered with 50% oxygen mix. It is often used together with other medications for anesthesia. [2] Common uses include during childbirth, following trauma, and as part of end-of-life care. [2]
It is not known if nitrous oxide causes drug dependency but its use can be habit-forming. [1] Death can result if it is inhaled in such a way that not enough oxygen is breathed in. While the pure gas is not acutely toxic, it inactivates vitamin B 12, [8] with continued use causing neurological damage due to peripheral and central demyelination. [3]
Gaseous signaling molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesized internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere, as in the case of oxygen) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which induce certain physiological or biochemical changes in the organism, tissue or ...