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The trachea passes by many structures of the neck and chest along its course. In front of the upper trachea lies connective tissue and skin. [ 2 ] Several other structures pass over or sit on the trachea; the jugular arch , which joins the two anterior jugular veins , sits in front of the upper part of the trachea.
The lower respiratory tract is also called the respiratory tree or tracheobronchial tree, to describe the branching structure of airways supplying air to the lungs, and includes the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. [8] trachea. main bronchus (diameter approximately 1 – 1.4 cm in adults) [9] lobar bronchus (diameter approximately 1 cm)
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
The carina occurs at the lower end of the trachea - usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebra. [3] [4] This is in line with the sternal angle, but the carina may raise or descend up to two vertebrae higher or lower with breathing. The carina lies to the left of the midline, and runs antero-posteriorly (front to back). [citation ...
[3] [15] The trachea and bronchi have plexuses of lymph capillaries in their mucosa and submucosa. The smaller bronchi have a single layer of lymph capillaries, and they are absent in the alveoli. [16] The lungs are supplied with the largest lymphatic drainage system of any other organ in the body. [17]
The carina of the trachea is located at the level of the sternal angle and the fifth thoracic vertebra (at rest). The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus, [ 3 ] its mean length is 1.09 cm. [ 4 ] It enters the root of the right lung at approximately the fifth thoracic vertebra.
It bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped rings of cartilage at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the oesophagus. [1] [2] [3] This completes the ring of cartilages of the trachea. [3] The trachealis muscle also supports a thin cartilage on the inside of the trachea. [4] It is the only smooth muscle present in the ...
The bronchi and non-cartilaginous portions of the trachea collapse to form slits through which the air is forced, which clears out any irritants attached to the respiratory lining. Stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve supplying the ear may also elicit a cough.