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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
The process was based on the oxidation of hydrogen chloride: 4 HCl + O 2 → 2 Cl 2 + 2H 2 O. The reaction takes place at about 400 to 450 °C in the presence of a variety of catalysts, including copper chloride (CuCl 2). Three companies developed commercial processes for producing chlorine based on the Deacon reaction: [1]
A salt containing reactive cations undergo hydrolysis by which they react with water molecules, causing deprotonation of the conjugate acids. For example, the acid salt ammonium chloride is the main species formed upon the half neutralization of ammonia in aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride: [2] NH 3 + HCl(aq) → [NH 4] + Cl − (aq)
Potassium permanganate can be used to generate chlorine gas when concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to it: 2KMn04 + 16HCl —> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5Cl2 This process has been investigated by Venable & Jackson and fails if the concentation of the hydrochloric acid solution drops below 2mM Venable, F. P.; Jackson, D.H. (1920). "The ...
acid + base (alkali) → salt + water x H y A + y B(OH) x → B y A x + xy H 2 O. For example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H 2 O. The statement is still valid as long as it is understood that in an aqueous solution the substances involved are subject to dissociation, which changes the ionization state of the substances. The arrow sign, →, is used ...
Flame inside HCl oven. Hydrogen chloride is produced by combining chlorine and hydrogen: Cl 2 + H 2 → 2 HCl. As the reaction is exothermic, the installation is called an HCl oven or HCl burner. The resulting hydrogen chloride gas is absorbed in deionized water, resulting in chemically pure hydrochloric acid. This reaction can give a very pure ...
Sodium chlorate can be used with hydrochloric acid (or also sulfuric acid and sodium chloride, the reaction of which generates HCl) to chlorinate aromatic compounds without the use of organic solvents. In this case its function is to oxidize the HCl to obtain either HOCl or Cl 2 (depending upon the pH) in-situ which are the active chlorinating ...
An example of this case would be the splitting of hydrochloric acid HCl in water. Since HCl is a strong acid (it splits up to a large extent), its conjugate base (Cl −) will be weak. Therefore, in this system, most H + will be hydronium ions H 3 O + instead of attached to Cl − anions and the conjugate bases will be weaker than water molecules.