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Since statistics is used in almost every field of endeavor, the educated individual should be knowledgeable about the vocabulary, concepts, and procedures of statistics. Statistics is a branch of science dealing with collecting, organizing, summarizing, analysing and making decisions from data. Definition 1.1.1
All of the major topics of an introductory level statistics course for social science are covered. Background areas include levels of measurement and research design basics. Descriptive statistics include all major measures of central tendency and dispersion/variation.
To be able to draw conclusions from data, it is necessary to have an understanding of the data’s origination.
scriptive statistics—the art of summarizing data—is introduced in part II. His-tograms, the average, the standard deviation, and the normal curve are all consid-ered. The discussion continues...
Statistics is a branch of mathematics used to summarize, analyze, and interpret a group of numbers or observations. • Descriptive statistics: statistics that summarize observations. • Inferential statistics: statistics used to interpret the meaning of descriptive statistics.
Contents 1 Introduction 9 2 FrequencyDistributions 11 2.1 Nominalscaledata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Statistical tests: Does smoking cause cancer? What data to collect and how? What does “A causes B” mean?
A comprehensive book on statistics by Joseph C. Watkins, available for download from the University of Arizona's Department of Mathematics.
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS Statistics is the branch of mathematics that deals with the techniques for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data (Snedecor and Cochran, 1980). Statistics are the analytical backbone of science. Without them, numbers tell us little.
The foundation of this textbook is Collaborative Statistics, by Barbara Illowsky and Susan Dean. Additional topics, examples, and innovations in terminology and practical applications have been added, all with a goal of increasing relevance and accessibility for students.