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In astrodynamics, canonical units are defined in terms of some important object’s orbit that serves as a reference. In this system, a reference mass, for example the Sun’s, is designated as 1 “canonical mass unit” and the mean distance from the orbiting object to the reference object is considered the “canonical distance unit”.
Callisto is a satellite of Jupiter. The parameters in the equation are [2] Callisto–Jupiter distance (d p) is 1.883 · 10 6 km. Mass of Jupiter (M p) is 1.9 · 10 27 kg; Jupiter–Sun distance (i.e. mean distance of Callisto from the Sun, d s) is 778.3 · 10 6 km. The solar mass (M s) is 1.989 · 10 30 kg
Average distance from the Sun — Venus: 0.72 — Average distance from the Sun — Earth: 1.00 — Average distance of Earth's orbit from the Sun (sunlight travels for 8 minutes and 19 seconds before reaching Earth) — Mars: 1.52 — Average distance from the Sun — Jupiter: 5.2 — Average distance from the Sun — Light-hour: 7.2 ...
Evolution of the solar luminosity, radius and effective temperature compared to the present-day Sun. After Ribas (2009) [3] The uncrewed SOHO spacecraft was used to measure the radius of the Sun by timing transits of Mercury across the surface during 2003 and 2006. The result was a measured radius of 696,342 ± 65 kilometres (432,687 ± 40 miles).
The United States Naval Observatory states "the Equation of Time is the difference apparent solar time minus mean solar time", i.e. if the sun is ahead of the clock the sign is positive, and if the clock is ahead of the sun the sign is negative. [6] [7] The equation of time is shown in the upper graph above for a period of slightly more than a ...
If Jupiter had Mercury's orbit (57,900,000 km, 0.387 AU), the Sun–Jupiter barycenter would be approximately 55,000 km from the center of the Sun ( r 1 / R 1 ≈ 0.08). But even if the Earth had Eris's orbit (1.02 × 10 10 km, 68 AU), the Sun–Earth barycenter would still be within the Sun (just over 30,000 km from the center).
1 astronomical unit (au); mean distance between Earth and Sun 10 12: 1 terameter (Tm) 1.3 Tm Optical diameter of Betelgeuse: 1.4 Tm Orbital distance of Saturn from Sun 2 Tm Estimated optical diameter of VY Canis Majoris, one of the largest-known stars: 5.9 Tm Orbital distance of Pluto from the Sun ~ 7.5 Tm Outer boundary of the Kuiper belt: 10 ...
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