Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Treatment of such solutions with hydrochloric acid gives perchloric acid, precipitating solid sodium chloride: NaClO 4 + HCl → NaCl + HClO 4. The concentrated acid can be purified by distillation. The alternative route, which is more direct and avoids salts, entails anodic oxidation of aqueous chlorine at a platinum electrode. [6] [7]
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate, also known as ammonium chloroplatinate, is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH 4) 2 [PtCl 6]. It is a rare example of a soluble platinum(IV) salt that is not hygroscopic. It forms intensely yellow solutions in water. In the presence of 1M NH 4 Cl, its solubility is only 0.0028 g/100 mL.
4 + 2 H 2 O. After an acid AH has been neutralized there are no molecules of the acid (or hydrogen ions produced by dissociation of the molecule) left in solution. When an acid is neutralized the amount of base added to it must be equal to the amount of acid present initially. This amount of base is said to be the equivalent amount.
Small amounts of hydrogen chloride for laboratory use can be generated in an HCl generator by dehydrating hydrochloric acid with either sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. Alternatively, HCl can be generated by the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium chloride: [17] NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → NaHSO 4 + HCl↑. This reaction occurs at room ...
Then an excess but fixed volume of sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride solution is added. With nitrous acid as the limiting reagent, the azo coupling reaction produces an azo dye quantitatively with respect to the nitrite ions: The diazo compound formed accounts for the red coloration typical for a positive result.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes such as refining metal. The application often determines the required product quality. [25] Hydrogen chloride, not hydrochloric acid, is used more widely in industrial organic chemistry, e.g. for vinyl chloride and dichloroethane. [8]
A more convenient laboratory method involves the (reversible) dehydration of nitrous acid by HCl [4] HNO 2 + HCl → H 2 O + NOCl. By the direct combination of chlorine and nitric oxide; This reaction reverses above 100 °C. Cl 2 + 2 NO → 2 NOCl. By reduction of nitrogen dioxide with hydrogen chloride: [5] 2NO 2 + 4 HCl → 2NOCl + 2H 2 O + Cl 2
In the case of citric acid, the overlap is extensive and solutions of citric acid are buffered over the whole range of pH 2.5 to 7.5. Calculation of the pH with a polyprotic acid requires a speciation calculation to be performed. In the case of citric acid, this entails the solution of the two equations of mass balance: