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Keeping the pH in a suitable range (5.0-9.0 for freshwater systems) is crucial to maintain the health of both the fish and biofilter. pH is typically controlled by the addition of alkalinity in the form of lime (CaCO 3) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). A low pH will lead to high levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2), which can prove toxic to fish.
Soda lime canister used in anaesthetic machines to act as a carbon dioxide scrubber. Soda lime, a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO), is used in granular form within recirculating breathing environments like general anesthesia and its breathing circuit, submarines, rebreathers, and hyperbaric chambers and underwater habitats.
Lakes with benthic feeding fish such as carp tend to have lower success at removing phosphorus. These species forage in lake sediments which disturbs the aluminum hydroxide flocs binding phosphorus to the lake bottom. [4] An additional concern is that aluminum salts can acidify lakes, making them potentially toxic to aquatic organisms. [7]
Most (80–90%) aquarium fish from the Philippines are captured with sodium cyanide. This toxic chemical is dissolved in sea water and released into areas where fish shelter. It narcotizes the fish, which are then easily captured. However, most fish collected with cyanide die a few months later from liver damage.
A purple sea urchin being tested for pollution using a whole effluent toxicity method.. Aquatic toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from subcellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. [1]
An indicator may be included to show when carbon dioxide has dissolved in the water of the soda lime and formed carbonic acid, changing the pH from basic to acid, as the change of colour shows that the absorbent has reached saturation with carbon dioxide and must be changed.
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Calcined gypsum is an alternative material in industrial plasters and mortars. Cement, cement kiln dust, fly ash, and lime kiln dust are potential substitutes for some construction uses of lime. Magnesium hydroxide is a substitute for lime in pH control, and magnesium oxide is a substitute for dolomitic lime as a flux in steelmaking. [28]