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The gas constant occurs in the ideal gas law: = = where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume of gas, n is the amount of substance, m is the mass, and T is the thermodynamic temperature. R specific is the mass-specific gas constant. The gas constant is expressed in the same unit as molar heat.
The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to give an expression for the molar volume of an ideal gas: = = Hence, for a given temperature and pressure, the molar volume is the same for all ideal gases and is based on the gas constant: R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 m 3 ⋅Pa⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1, or about 8.205 736 608 095 96 × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅atm⋅K ...
1.205 883 199 (60) × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅mol −1: 4.9 ... By implication, any product of powers of such constants is also such a constant, such as the molar gas constant ...
1 J·m 3 /mol 2 = 1 m 6 ·Pa/mol 2 = 10 L 2 ·bar/mol 2. 1 L 2 atm/mol 2 = 0.101325 J·m 3 /mol 2 = 0.101325 Pa·m 6 /mol 2. 1 dm 3 /mol = 1 L/mol = 1 m 3 /kmol = 0.001 m 3 /mol (where kmol is kilomoles = 1000 moles)
The Boltzmann constant (k B or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. [2] It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the gas constant , in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula , and is used in ...
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
The standard unit is the meter cubed per kilogram (m 3 /kg or m 3 ·kg −1). Sometimes specific volume is expressed in terms of the number of cubic centimeters occupied by one gram of a substance. In this case, the unit is the centimeter cubed per gram (cm 3 /g or cm 3 ·g −1). To convert m 3 /kg to cm 3 /g, multiply by 1000; conversely ...
The van der Waals equation of state may be written as (+) =where is the absolute temperature, is the pressure, is the molar volume and is the universal gas constant.Note that = /, where is the volume, and = /, where is the number of moles, is the number of particles, and is the Avogadro constant.