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  2. Umpire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire

    A second base umpire at a baseball game. In baseball and softball, there is commonly a head umpire (also known as a plate umpire) who is in charge of calling balls and strikes from behind the plate, who is assisted by one, two, three, or five field umpires who make calls on their specific bases (or with five umpires the bases and the outfield).

  3. Contact sport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_sport

    Where there is a limit as to how much contact is acceptable most sports have a mechanism to call a foul by the referee, umpire or similar official when an offence is deemed to have occurred. Contact sports are categorised by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) into three main categories: contact, limited-contact and noncontact.

  4. Referee - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referee

    In the National Basketball Association, the lead official is referred to by the term crew chief and the two other officials are the referee and umpire. All of the officials in a basketball game are generally accepted to have the same authority as the lead official and therefore they are collectively known as the officials or referees.

  5. Ball badminton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_badminton

    Since the umpire is the most important official, he should be well-versed in the rules of ball badminton Before the play begins, he makes necessary entries on the score sheet and hands it to the scorer for use and obtaining signatures of each team captain when the match ends

  6. Instant replay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay

    The TV umpire can use regular slow-motion or high-speed camera angles (usually called ultra-motion) or super-slow replays, the mat, sound from the stump mics, and approved ball tracking technology, which refers to Hawk-Eye technology that would only show the TV umpire where the ball pitched and where it hit the batsman's leg and it is not to be ...

  7. Penalty card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_card

    Yellow card shown in an association football match. Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official. . Penalty cards are most commonly used by referees or umpires to indicate that a player has committed an offen

  8. Ejection (sports) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejection_(sports)

    Between players and umpires, there is a common understanding that a certain level of argument is permitted, but players who too vigorously question an umpire's judgment of balls and strikes, [5] argue a balk or use foul language may risk an ejection. A player is also automatically ejected when a bat, glove, cap or helmet is taken off and thrown ...

  9. Badminton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton

    Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side).