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As a result, they rely on lactic acid fermentation to provide the majority of their energy needs. [23] Adaptations in particular in the turtle's blood composition and shell allow it to tolerate high levels of lactic acid accumulation. In the anoxic conditions where fermentation is dominant, calcium levels in the blood plasma increase. [23]
These organisms use lactic acid fermentation or mixed acid fermentation pathways to produce an ethanol end product. [3] The ethanol generated from these pathways is absorbed in the small intestine, causing an increase in blood alcohol concentrations that produce the effects of intoxication without the consumption of alcohol .
Characteristic features include developmental delay and a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis). Increased acidity in the blood can lead to vomiting, abdominal pain, extreme tiredness , muscle weakness, and difficulty breathing. In some cases, episodes of lactic acidosis are triggered by an illness or periods without food.
Further fermentation and aging converts the remaining lactose into lactic acid; traditionally made hard cheeses, which have a long ripening period, contain virtually no lactose: [57] cheddar contains less than 1.5% of the lactose found in an equivalent mass of milk. [50]
Pyruvate is the terminal electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation. When sufficient oxygen is not present in the muscle cells for further oxidation of pyruvate and NADH produced in glycolysis, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by reduction of pyruvate to lactate. [4] Lactate is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. [3]
The cause: Unruly stomach acid backing up into your throat. Eating spicy foods before bed is a common culprit, as are eating too much or too fast, smoking, and imbibing heavily.
Symptoms Definition/Explanation Lactic Acidosis High levels of lactate in the blood; can cause nausea, vomiting, breathing problems, abnormal heartbeats *In less severe cases, signs of lactic acidosis can include ataxia and episodes may only occur when ill, under stress, or after consuming high amounts of carbohydrates. Hyperammonemia
A feeling of pressure and squeezing in the chest is a serious indication that medical care is essential because chest pain and discomfort is one of the most common symptoms of heart attack in men.