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In physics, black hole thermodynamics [1] is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons.As the study of the statistical mechanics of black-body radiation led to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the ...
The entropy of a black hole is given by the well-known Bekenstein–Hawking formula S = k B c 3 A 4 G ℏ {\displaystyle S={\frac {k_{\text{B}}c^{3}A}{4G\hbar }}} where k B {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}} is the Boltzmann constant , c {\displaystyle c} is the speed of light , G {\displaystyle G} is the Newtonian constant of gravitation and A ...
Robert M. Wald (textbook, black-hole perturbations, black-hole thermodynamics, electric fields outside a black hole, quantum field theory in curved spacetimes), Arthur Geoffrey Walker (Fermi–Walker derivatives, Robertson–Walker metric), Mu-Tao Wang (quasilocal mass-energy), Joseph Weber (gravitational-wave detectors),
Black hole thermodynamics – area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons. Schwarzschild radius – distance from the center of an object such that, if all the mass of the object were compressed within that sphere, the escape speed from the surface would equal the speed of light.
In 1972, Bekenstein was the first to suggest that black holes should have a well-defined entropy. He wrote that a black hole's entropy was proportional to the area of its (the black hole's) event horizon. Bekenstein also formulated the generalized second law of thermodynamics, black hole thermodynamics, for systems including black holes.
The black hole event horizon bordering exterior region I would coincide with a Schwarzschild t-coordinate of + while the white hole event horizon bordering this region would coincide with a Schwarzschild t-coordinate of , reflecting the fact that in Schwarzschild coordinates an infalling particle takes an infinite coordinate time to reach the ...
The Penrose process (also called Penrose mechanism) is theorised by Sir Roger Penrose as a means whereby energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole. [1] [2] [3] The process takes advantage of the ergosphere – a region of spacetime around the black hole dragged by its rotation faster than the speed of light, meaning that from the point of view of an outside observer any matter inside ...
In the theory of general relativity, the Gibbons–Hawking effect is the statement that a temperature can be associated to each solution of the Einstein field equations that contains a causal horizon.