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Mars is named after the Roman god of war (Greek Ares), but was also associated with the demi-god Heracles (Roman Hercules) by ancient Greek astronomers, as detailed by Aristotle. [275] This association between Mars and war dates back at least to Babylonian astronomy , in which the planet was named for the god Nergal , deity of war and destruction.
The Saturnian moon Albiorix is named after this epithet. [150] Mars Barrex is attested by a single dedicatory inscription found at Carlisle, England. [151] Barrex or Barrecis probably means "Supreme One" [147] (Gaulish barro-, "head"). [152] Mars Belatucadrus is named in five inscriptions [153] in the area of Hadrian's Wall. [154]
The days were named after the classical planets of Hellenistic astrology, in the order: Sun , Moon , Mars , Mercury , Jupiter , Venus , and Saturn . [6] The seven-day week spread throughout the Roman Empire in late antiquity. By the fourth century CE, it was in wide use throughout the Empire.
In English, the planet Mars is named after Mars, the Roman god of war, [1] an association made because of its red color, which suggests blood. [2] The adjectival form of Latin Mars is Martius, [3] from which the English word Martian derives, used as an adjective or for a putative inhabitant of Mars, and Martial, used as an adjective corresponding to Terrestrial for Earth. [4]
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
The closest in the past 1,000 years was in 1761, when Mars and Jupiter appeared to the naked eye as a single bright object, according to Giorgini. Looking ahead, the year 2348 will be almost as close.
The first hour of each day was named after the ruling planet, giving rise to the names and order of the Roman seven-day week. Modern Latin-based cultures, in general, directly inherited the days of the week from the Romans and they were named after the classical planets; for example, in Spanish Miércoles is Mercury, and in French mardi is Mars ...
These features can be named after places associated with Io mythology, derived from nearby named features, or places from Dante's Inferno: Paterae Paterae on Io are named after fire, sun, thunder or volcano gods, heroes or goddesses or mythical blacksmiths. Valles Names of valleys are derived from nearby named features.