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N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. It is miscible with water and with most common organic solvents. It also belongs to the class of dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
2-Pyrrolidone itself is used in inkjet cartridges. [5] A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are 2-pyrrolidone derivatives, including cotinine, doxapram, povidone, and ethosuximide, and the racetams. The chemical is an intermediate in the production of the polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor vinylpyrrolidone. [3]
Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH 2) 4 NH. It is a cyclic secondary amine , also classified as a saturated heterocycle . It is a colourless liquid that is miscible with water and most organic solvents.
Racetams are 2-pyrrolidone derivatives and may sometimes be referred to simply as pyrrolidones (2-oxopyrrolidines). [1] Many, but not all, specifically have a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide nucleus, which is the chemical structure of piracetam. Racetams are cyclic derivatives of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [2]
Acylation generally occurs at the 2-position, through the use of various methods. Acylation with acid anhydrides and acid chlorides can occur with or without a catalyst. [32] 2-Acylpyrroles are also obtained from reaction with nitriles, by the Houben–Hoesch reaction. Pyrrole aldehydes can be formed by a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. [33]
Polyamide-imides are used extensively as wire coatings in making magnet wire. They are prepared from isocyanates and TMA (trimellic acid-anhydride) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). A prominent distributor of polyamide-imides is Solvay Specialty Polymers, which uses the trademark Torlon.
Most of those methods, but not all, involve the use of a solvent either for liquid-liquid extraction or extractive distillation. Many different solvents are suitable, including sulfolane (C 4 H 8 O 2 S), furfural (C 5 H 4 O 2 ), tetraethylene glycol (C 8 H 18 O 5 ), dimethylsulfoxide (C 2 H 6 OS), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (C 5 H 9 NO).
Metadoxine is an ion pair salt of pyridoxine and pyrrolidone carboxylate (PCA). [1] Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ) is a precursor of coenzymes including pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), which accelerates the metabolic degradation of ethanol and prevents adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inactivation by acetaldehyde .