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  2. Foundation IRB - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_IRB

    Banks can use this approach only subject to approval from their local regulators. Under F-IRB banks are required to use regulator's prescribed LGD (Loss Given Default) and other parameters required for calculating the RWA (Risk-Weighted Asset) for non-retail portfolios. For retail exposures banks are required to use their own estimates of the ...

  3. Standardized approach (operational risk) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized_approach...

    Based on the original Basel Accord, under the Standardised Approach, banks’ activities are divided into eight business lines: corporate finance, trading & sales, retail banking, commercial banking, payment & settlement, agency services, asset management, and retail brokerage. Within each business line, gross income is a broad indicator that ...

  4. Internal ratings-based approach (credit risk) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Ratings-Based...

    Banks are allowed to use multiple ratings systems for different exposures, but the methodology of assigning an exposure to a particular rating system must be logical and documented; banks are not allowed to use a particular rating system to minimize regulatory capital requirements. A rating system must be designed based on two dimensions

  5. Capital requirement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_requirement

    To be well-capitalized under federal bank regulatory agency definitions, a bank holding company must have a Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6%, a combined Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital ratio of at least 10%, and a leverage ratio of at least 5%, and not be subject to a directive, order, or written agreement to meet and maintain specific capital levels.

  6. Standardized approach (credit risk) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized_approach...

    The term standardized approach (or standardised approach) refers to a set of credit risk measurement techniques proposed under Basel II, which sets capital adequacy rules for banking institutions. Under this approach the banks are required to use ratings from external credit rating agencies to quantify required capital for credit risk. In many ...

  7. Economic indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_indicator

    Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries: for example, the unemployment rate, quits rate (quit rate in American English), housing starts, consumer price index (a measure for inflation), inverted yield curve, [1] consumer leverage ratio, industrial production, bankruptcies, gross domestic product ...

  8. Consumer debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_debt

    Consumer leverage ratio. In economics, consumer debt is the amount owed by consumers (as opposed to amounts owed by businesses or governments). It includes debts incurred on purchase of goods that are consumable and/or do not appreciate.

  9. Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_III:_Finalising_post...

    Basel III is an international regulatory framework for banks, developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in response to the financial crisis of 2007-08. It contains various rules on capital and liquidity requirements for banks. The 2017 reforms complement the initial Basel III.