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The earliest oral treatment for hypothyroidism consisted of thyroid extract. George Redmayne Murray of the United Kingdom first described treatment of myxedema with thyroid extract in 1891, and published a description of long-term successful treatment (28 years) of a patient with myxedema (severe hypothyroidism) in 1920 [ 17 ] His treatment was ...
Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...
Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a medication used to treat hyperthyroidism. [3] This includes hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and toxic multinodular goiter. [3] In a thyrotoxic crisis it is generally more effective than methimazole. [3] Otherwise it is typically only used when methimazole, surgery, and radioactive iodine is not possible. [3]
Levothyroxine is typically used to treat hypothyroidism, [12] and is the treatment of choice for people with hypothyroidism [13] who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy. [14] It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is considered goiter-inducing.
Natural desiccated thyroid hormones are derived from pig thyroid glands, and are a "natural" hypothyroid treatment containing 20% T 3 and traces of T 2, T 1 and calcitonin. Also available are synthetic combinations of T 3 /T 4 in different ratios (such as liotrix) and pure-T 3 medications (INN: liothyronine). Levothyroxine Sodium is usually the ...
Typically, Free T 4 is the preferred test for hypothyroidism, [69] as Free T 3 immunoassay tests are less reliable at detecting low levels of thyroid hormone, [70] and they are more susceptible to interference. [69] Free T 4 levels will usually be lowered, but sometimes might be normal. [71]
In Graves' disease, treatment with antithyroid medications must be given for six months to two years, in order to be effective. Even then, upon cessation of the drugs, the hyperthyroid state may recur. Side effects of the antithyroid medications include a potentially fatal reduction in the level of white blood cells.
It is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. [2] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [2] Side effects may occur from excessive doses. [2] This may include weight loss, fever, headache, anxiety, trouble sleeping, arrhythmias, and heart failure. [2] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally safe. [3] [2]