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The lever is a movable bar that pivots on a fulcrum attached to or positioned on or across a fixed point. The lever operates by applying forces at different distances from the fulcrum, or pivot. The location of the fulcrum determines a lever's class. Where a lever rotates continuously, it functions as a rotary second-class lever.
A force applied perpendicularly to a lever multiplied by its distance from the lever's fulcrum (the length of the lever arm) is its torque. Therefore, torque is defined as the product of the magnitude of the perpendicular component of the force and the distance of the line of action of a force from the point around which it is being determined.
The lever is operated by applying an input force F A at a point A located by the coordinate vector r A on the bar. The lever then exerts an output force F B at the point B located by r B. The rotation of the lever about the fulcrum P is defined by the rotation angle θ in radians. Archimedes lever, Engraving from Mechanics Magazine, published ...
N = 2, j = 1: this is a two-bar linkage known as the lever; N = 4, j = 4: this is the four-bar linkage; N = 6, j = 7: this is a six-bar linkage [ it has two links that have three joints, called ternary links, and there are two topologies of this linkage depending how these links are connected. In the Watt topology, the two ternary links are ...
A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. [1] In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force. [2]
The force on a screw is not usually applied at the rim as assumed above. It is often applied by some form of lever; for example a bolt is turned by a wrench whose handle functions as a lever. The mechanical advantage in this case can be calculated by using the length of the lever arm for r in the above equation.
In physics we use F to represent a force so rather than = + you would write it as = +. The picture to the right shows how to add two forces using the "tip-to-tail" method. This method involves drawing forces a {\displaystyle {\mathbf {\mathbf {a} }}} , and b {\displaystyle {\mathbf {\mathbf {b} }}} from the tip of the first force.
Partial leverage (PL) is a measure of the contribution of the individual independent variables to the total leverage of each observation. That is, PL is a measure of how h i i {\displaystyle h_{ii}} changes as a variable is added to the regression model.