Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Large crack-widths (greater than 0.3 mm) permit ingress of moisture and chemical attack to the concrete, resulting in possible corrosion of reinforcement and deterioration of concrete. Therefore, thick covers defeat the very purpose for which it is provided. There is a need for judicious balance of cover depth and crack width requirements.
The Good Building Design and Construction in the Philippines is a handbook developed in cooperation with the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), UNDP Regional Center in Bangkok, and the Secretariat of the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. [1]
Primary cracks (Figure 1) form when the tensile stress at the outer surface of the concrete reaches the tensile strength of concrete. When a primary crack forms, the concrete in the vicinity of the crack is relieved of any tension, resulting in a stress free zone near the crack.
H 2 SO 4 + Ca(OH) 2 → CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O. When concrete also contains limestone aggregates or a filler addition, H 2 SO 4 reacts with calcite (CaCO 3) and water to also form gypsum while releasing CO 2: H 2 SO 4 + CaCO 3 + H 2 O → CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O + CO 2. Gypsum is relatively soluble in water (~ 1 – 2 g/L), so there is plenty of calcium and ...
ASEP exists in the advancement of structural engineering in the Philippines as well as upholding ethical values in the promotion of national and international professional collaboration with governments, industry and the academe. [4] The organization specifically lobbies on legislation of the Philippines [5] in the national and local levels.
Rules and requirements for the detailing of reinforcement and prestressing tendons are specified by individual national codes and standards such as: European Standard EN 1992-2:2005 – Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures; US Standard ACI318: Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete; and
Ca(OH) 2 + H 4 SiO 4 → Ca 2+ + H 2 SiO 4 2− + 2 H 2 O → CaH 2 SiO 4 · 2 H 2 O. Here, the silicic acid H 4 SiO 4, or Si(OH) 4, which is equivalent to SiO 2 · 2 H 2 O represents hydrous or amorphous silica for the sake of simplicity in aqueous chemistry. Indeed, the term silicic acid has traditionally been used as a synonym for silica, SiO 2.
But in 2005, a petition for declaratory relief filed on May 3, 2005, by the PICE and Engr. Leo Cleto Gamolo to declare null and void Sections 302.3 and 302.4 of the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (“Revised IRR”) of Presidential Decree No. 1096 (the “National Building Code”).