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Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor (SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It is secreted by mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells , but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells and T cells .
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor) [5] [6] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MET gene. The protein possesses tyrosine kinase activity. [ 7 ] The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor.
Hepatocyte growth factor activator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HGFAC gene. [5] [6] [7]The protein encoded by this gene, belongs to peptidase family S1. It is first synthesized as an inactive single-chain precursor before being activated to a heterodimeric form by endoproteolytic processing.
Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), also known as hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HLP, HGFL, or HGFLP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MST1 (macrophage-stimulating 1) gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
In cancer treatment, growth factor receptor inhibitors have been used to target cancer cells. [2] In cancer research, growth factor receptor inhibitors have been applied to protect normal cells selectively from the toxic side-effects of chemotherapy targeted against cancer cells. [5]
TGFβ is a growth factor and cytokine involved in paracrine signalling and can be found in many different tissue types, including brain, heart, kidney, liver, bone, and testes. Over- expression of TGFβ can induce renal fibrosis , causing kidney disease , as well as diabetes , and ultimately end-stage renal disease .
HNF1 homeobox A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A), also known as HNF1A, is a human gene on chromosome 12. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. [ 8 ] The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the liver and is involved in the regulation of the expression ...
Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) are a group of phylogenetically unrelated transcription factors that regulate the transcription of a diverse group of genes into proteins. These proteins include blood clotting factors and in addition, enzymes and transporters involved with glucose , cholesterol , and fatty acid transport and metabolism .