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Gender equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on gender or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for gender, also called substantive equality. [3] Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help achieve the goal.
Gender inequality is a result of the persistent discrimination of one group of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. While gender discrimination happens to both men and women in individual situations, discrimination against women is more common.
The pursuit of gender equality remains a global challenge. With long-standing gender gaps continuing across countries in all sectors of social and economic life. The Pursuit of Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle was released at the Women's Forum in Paris to highlight the issue (according to a global OECD report). [59] Understanding gender ...
[116] [117] Feminist theory aims to understand gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations, and sexuality. While providing a critique of these social and political relations, much of feminist theory also focuses on the promotion of women's rights and interests.
It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles , experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology , communication , media studies , psychoanalysis , [ 1 ] political theory , home economics , literature , education , and philosophy .
The gender pay gap has continued to grow throughout the years due to a plethora of reasons. The gender pay gap refers to the median annual pay of all woman who work full-time and year-round, thus compared to the pay of a similar background of men. [77]
The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is a gender-focused development of the Human Development Index (HDI) which measures the development levels in a country corrected by the existing gender inequalities. [5] [6] It addresses gender-gaps in life expectancy, education, and incomes. It uses an "inequality aversion" penalty, which creates a ...
Gender and development is an interdisciplinary field of research and applied study that implements a feminist approach to understanding and addressing the disparate impact that economic development and globalization have on people based upon their location, gender, class background, and other socio-political identities.