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Jamshīd al-Kāshī, a 15th-century Persian mathematician, calculated 2 π as a sexagesimal expression to its correct value when rounded to nine subdigits (thus to 1 / 60 9 ); his value for 2 π was 6;16,59,28,1,34,51,46,14,50. [29] [30] Like √ 2 above, 2 π is an irrational number and cannot be expressed exactly in sexagesimal. Its ...
Hellenistic and Roman astronomers used a base-60 system based on the Babylonian model (see Greek numerals § Zero). Before positional notation became standard, simple additive systems ( sign-value notation ) such as Roman numerals or Chinese numerals were used, and accountants in the past used the abacus or stone counters to do arithmetic until ...
The values of sine and cosine of 30 and 60 degrees are derived by analysis of the equilateral triangle. In an equilateral triangle, the 3 angles are equal and sum to 180°, therefore each corner angle is 60°. Bisecting one corner, the special right triangle with angles 30-60-90 is obtained.
The Babylonian system of mathematics was a sexagesimal (base 60) numeral system. From this we derive the modern-day usage of 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, and 360 degrees in a circle. [8] The Babylonians were able to make great advances in mathematics for two reasons.
These digits were used to represent larger numbers in the base 60 (sexagesimal) positional system. For example, 𒁹𒁹 𒌋𒌋𒁹𒁹𒁹 𒁹𒁹𒁹 would represent 2×60 2 +23×60+3 = 8583. A space was left to indicate a place without value, similar to the modern-day zero. Babylonians later devised a sign to represent this empty place.
Elevation is 90 degrees (= π / 2 radians) minus inclination. Thus, if the inclination is 60 degrees (= π / 3 radians), then the elevation is 30 degrees (= π / 6 radians). In linear algebra, the vector from the origin O to the point P is often called the position vector of P.
Decimal degrees (DD) is a notation for expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions of a degree. DD are used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping applications such as OpenStreetMap, and GPS devices. Decimal degrees are an alternative to using degrees-minutes-seconds notation. As with ...
In the case of degrees of angular arc, the degree symbol follows the number without any intervening space, e.g. 30°.The addition of minute and second of arc follows the degree units, with intervening spaces (optionally, non-breaking space) between the sexagesimal degree subdivisions but no spaces between the numbers and units, for example 30° 12 ′ 5″.