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Contrast sensitivity is typically expressed as the reciprocal of the threshold contrast for detection of a given pattern (i.e., 1 ÷ contrast threshold). [15] Using the results of a contrast sensitivity exam, a contrast sensitivity curve can be plotted, with spatial frequency on the horizontal, and contrast threshold on the vertical axis.
This adaptation period is different between rod and cone cells and results from the regeneration of photopigments to increase retinal sensitivity. [1] Light adaptation, in contrast, works very quickly, within seconds.
By combining the information received in each eye, binocular summation can improve visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, flicker perception, and brightness perception. [1] Though binocular summation generally enhances binocular vision, it can worsen binocular vision relative to monocular vision under certain conditions.
LMS (long, medium, short), is a color space which represents the response of the three types of cones of the human eye, named for their responsivity (sensitivity) peaks at long, medium, and short wavelengths. The numerical range is generally not specified, except that the lower end is generally bounded by zero.
Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations.
Adults in their 70s tend to require about 30–60% more contrast to detect high spatial frequencies than adults in their 20s. [ 3 ] The human eye uses scotopic vision under low-light conditions (luminance level 10 −6 to 10 −3.5 cd/m 2 ), and mesopic vision in intermediate conditions (luminance level 10 −3 to 10 0.5 cd/m 2 ).
Minimum resolvable contrast (MRC) is a subjective measure of a visible spectrum sensor’s or camera's sensitivity and ability to resolve data.A snapshot image of a series of three bar targets of selected spatial frequencies and various contrast coatings captured by the unit under test (UUT) is used to determine the MRC of the UUT, i.e. the visible spectrum camera or sensor.
Visual adaptation is the temporary change in sensitivity or perception when exposed to a new or intense stimulus, and the lingering afterimage that may result when the stimulus is removed. These continuous small adjustments reflect the neural coding process of the visual system , and exist so the brain can attempt to "normalize" the visual ...