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Although Ayres initially developed her assessment tools and intervention methods to support children with sensory integration and processing challenges, the theory is relevant beyond childhood. [50] [51] [52] Sensory integration therapy is driven by four main principles: [53]
Sensory based motor disorder. Patients have incorrect processing of motor information that leads to poor motor skills. Sensory processing disorder or sensory discrimination disorder, which is characterized by postural control problems, lack of attentiveness, and disorganization. There are several therapies used to treat SPD.
Her book Sensory Integration and the Child, first published in the 1970s, was a means of helping families, therapists, and educators of children with sensory-processing difficulties and sensory processing disorders to better organize and improve self-regulation of body and environmental sensory inputs. [1] [2]
Individualized systems aim to address difficulties with communication, organization, generalization, concepts, sensory processing, change and relating to others. [7] Whereas some interventions focus on addressing areas of weakness, the TEACCH approach works with existing strengths and emerging skill areas. [3] [8]
A sensory friendly environment is created to assist those with a sensory processing disorder (SPD). The disorder is characterized by a hypersensitivity to stimuli accompanied by anxiety. [1] The Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation believes that there may be as many as one in every 20 people living with a sensory processing disorder. [2]
KultureCity is a nonprofit organization which directs users of their app to sensory-friendly accommodations at more than 900 different venues in the United States. The app is designed to assist guests with autism and other sensory processing disorders in finding sensory friendly locations. [3]
Thus, the assessment and intervention from a sensory integration perspective are most commonly used by occupational therapy practitioners in their treatment of children with difficulties in occupational performance and participation related to sensory integrative or sensory processing dysfunction.
Sensory Processing Disorder was defined as "a complex disorder of the brain that affects developing children and adults". Currently Sensory Processing Disorder or SPD is defined as "differences in sensory integration and processing that prevent function and participation in day-to-day life". SPD remains poorly recognized.
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