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Hydrothermal mineral deposits are accumulations of valuable minerals which formed from hot waters circulating in Earth's crust through fractures. They eventually produce metallic -rich fluids concentrated in a selected volume of rock, which become supersaturated and then precipitate ore minerals.
The Oubasi orogenic gold deposit in Southern Ghana is host to mineral resources of over 70 Moz Au at a grade of 7.39g/t or higher, with a past production of 32 Moz Au. [9] The deposit is located in the Birimian orogen, where gold mining is known to have taken place back to the 17th century, but modern industrial-scale mining began in 1897 by ...
Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as VMS ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copper-zinc which are associated with and produced by volcanic-associated hydrothermal events in submarine environments. [2] [3] [4] These deposits are also sometimes called volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits
Hydrothermal circulation – Circulation of water driven by heat exchange; Ore genesis – How the various types of mineral deposits form within the Earth's crust; Pneumatolysis – Obsolete geologic term for magma emitting gasses; Skarn – Hard, coarse-grained, hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks
SEDEX deposits belong to the large class of non-magmatic hydrothermal ore deposits formed by basinal brines. [11] This class includes also: Mississippi valley type (MVT) zinc-lead deposits. [8] Sediment-hosted stratiform Cu-Co-(Ag) deposit, typified by the Copperbelt of Zambia and DRC. [12]
The Carlin–type deposits represent some of the largest hydrothermal gold deposits in the world. [7] The invisible nature of the gold in the deposit makes it difficult to find deposits of that kind. The class of deposit was defined after the Carlin mine became a mass producer of gold in the 1960s and it was recognized that other deposits of ...
The generally accepted hydrothermal model of lode deposition posits that metals dissolved in hydrothermal solutions (hot spring fluids) deposit the gold or other metallic minerals inside the fissures in the pre-existing rocks. [3]
Hydrothermal circulation in the oceans is the passage of the water through mid-oceanic ridge systems.. The term includes both the circulation of the well-known, high-temperature vent waters near the ridge crests, and the much-lower-temperature, diffuse flow of water through sediments and buried basalts further from the ridge crests. [3]