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A gasoline pump or fuel dispenser is a machine at a filling station that is used to pump gasoline (petrol), diesel, or other types of liquid fuel into vehicles. Gasoline pumps are also known as bowsers or petrol bowsers (in Australia and South Africa ), [ 2 ] [ 3 ] petrol pumps (in Commonwealth countries), or gas pumps (in North America ).
Due to the higher density, diesel fuel offers a higher volumetric energy density: the density of EN 590 diesel fuel is defined as 0.820 to 0.845 kg/L (6.84 to 7.05 lb/US gal) at 15 °C (59 °F), about 9.0-13.9% more than EN 228 gasoline (petrol)'s 0.720–0.775 kg/L (6.01–6.47 lb/US gal) at 15 °C, which should be put into consideration when ...
Unlike modern designs, air-blast injected Diesel engines do not have an injection pump. A simple low-pressure fuel-feed-pump is used instead to supply the injection nozzle with fuel. At injection, a blast of compressed air presses the fuel into the combustion chamber, hence the name air-blast injection. The compressed air comes from compressed ...
The fuel is sprayed with the help of a nozzle that is opened and closed with a solenoid-operated needle valve. [5] Third-generation common-rail diesels use piezoelectric injectors for increased precision, with fuel pressures up to 300 MPa or 44,000 psi .
The example shown is pneumatic. At sub-millimeter distances, a small movement of the flapper plate results in a large change in flow. The nozzle is fed from a chamber which is in turn fed by a restriction, so changes of flow result in changes of chamber pressure. The nozzle diameter must be larger than the restriction orifice in order to work. [2]
A 2.8L diesel engine was developed by Navistar/International from an inline-four Land Rover Defender diesel 2.5L engine, with 130 hp (97 kW) (waste gate) or 133 hp (99 kW) (VNT). A 3.0L displacement version, with common-rail fuel injection, four-valve-per-cylinder heads, and 160 hp (119 kW) (wastegate turbo), is the electronic version of the ...
Beyond this point the nozzle diameter becomes the biggest diameter and starts to incur increasing drag. Nozzles are thus limited to the installation size and the loss in thrust incurred is a trade off with other considerations such as lower drag, less weight. Examples are the F-16 at Mach 2.0 [21] and the XB-70 at Mach 3.0. [22]
Figure 1: A Converging Nozzle. Consider a converging nozzle connecting a reservoir with a receiver. If the reservoir pressure is held constant and the receiver pressure reduced, the Mach number at the exit of the nozzle will increase until M e = 1 is reached, indicated by the left curve in figure 2.
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