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The 386DX had 32-bit addressing, allowing it to address up to 4 gigabytes (4096 megabytes) of memory. The Motorola 68020, released in 1984, had a 32-bit address space, giving it a maximum addressable memory limit of 4 GB.
Many 32-bit computers have 32 physical address bits and are thus limited to 4 GiB (2 32 words) of memory. [3] [4] x86 processors prior to the Pentium Pro have 32 or fewer physical address bits; however, most x86 processors since the Pentium Pro, which was first sold in 1995, have the Physical Address Extension (PAE) mechanism, [5]: 445 which allows addressing up to 64 GiB (2 36 words) of memory.
However, "client" versions of 32-bit Windows (Windows XP SP2 and later, Windows Vista, Windows 7) limit physical address space to the first 4 GB for driver compatibility [16] even though these versions do run in PAE mode if NX support is enabled. Windows 8 and later releases will only run on processors which support PAE, in addition to NX and SSE2.
The 2 GB limit refers to a physical memory barrier for a process running on a 32-bit operating system, which can only use a maximum of 2 GB of memory. [1] The problem mainly affects 32-bit versions of operating systems like Microsoft Windows and Linux, although some variants of the latter can overcome this barrier. [2]
Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color Windows 8: 1 GHz 1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64) ... Maximum limits on physical memory ... Windows Vista Starter:
Windows Vista Enterprise supports up to two physical CPUs, [18] and the 64-bit version supports up to 128 GB of RAM. [19] Windows Vista Ultimate "Windows Vista Product Red" gadgets Windows Vista Ultimate includes all features of the Home Premium and Business editions, as well as BitLocker and MUI; it also provides access to optional "Ultimate ...
The maximum number of logical processors [b] in a PC that Windows Vista supports is: 32 for 32-bit; [c] 64 for 64-bit. [ d ] [ 107 ] The maximum number of physical processors in a PC that Windows Vista supports is: one processor for Windows Vista Starter, Windows Vista Home Basic, and Windows Vista Home Premium, and two processors for Windows ...
Windows Vista restricts the amount of memory DPMI programs can have to 32 MB (33,554,432 bytes). The limitation applies to DPMI programs running inside NTVDM. [56] The same is not true for previous versions of Windows. For certain CRT monitors, Windows Vista and later no longer support refresh rates higher than 85 Hz.